Telegraphy.



E.-KEEN.

TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED 00?. 14. 1911.

. Patented Mar. 21,1916.

6 SHEETSSHEET 2.

EE- a WITESSES:

ATTORNEY E. KEEN. TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED OCT- I4. I91].

Patented. Mar. 21, 1916.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

IIVI EIVTOR ATTORNEY E. KEEN. TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. H. 1911.

Patented M. 21, 1916 6 SHEETSSHEET 4.

illlallm I .4 TTUHRlEY WITNESSES E. KEEN.

TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED oct. 14,4911.

Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

IN VENTUH (56,, am

rapid rate of transmission than has hitherto been possible in machines ,of thissame 'gen- TED STATES ELIOT KEEN, or new YORK, my, -i

TELEGRAPHY.

Specification of Letters Patent Application filed. October 14, 1911. SeIiaINo. 654,582.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that -I,'EL1o'r KEEN, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city,

county, and State of New York, have in? vented certain new; and useful Improve ments in Telegraphy of which the followin' is a specification.

y invention relates to improvedmean's for originating, transmittlng' and recordlng' electrical'impulses whereby a representation,

pictorial or arbitrary, may be reproduced at distant points. In accomplishing this I not only avoid the use of sending and receiving apparatus at the terminal po nts necessarily operating in synchronism, but I alsoprovide a mechanism permitting a much more eral character and purpose. I I

My inventionhas particularly to ,do with a; method of transmission at high speed which includes the reduction of the'picture' orrepresentation to be reproduced to a halftone plateof novel characteristics, which has contacting surfaces corresponding 'in area to the tones of the picture; the production I "from this plate of electrical impulses proortional in duration to the lineal dimensions of such areas; the recordingby photo: graphic means of such impulses, and the I transformation of the record thus obtained.

' graphlc. transmission circuit connectlng the I original sending and receiving points, permitting-that circuit during thefperiod when the recordis being -.tran sformed.- e

I into a substantial duplicate of the original sending plate or of the picture; from'which the "latterwas made. The invention which I claim herein is chiefly concerned withthe i first three steps of the process asfl may, use. any suitable apparatus for 'transformingthe" record into an exact reproduction or an proximation of the original sending plate or representation,such,'-for instance, as that illustrated and described in'my application, for United States Letters Patent ford-m5 provementsin 'telegraphy,,- Serial Number j 548,047,'filed March 8,1910.

1 The -fact that the sending and receivin' machines'are not run in synchron sm, an

' the'furthe'rfact that the ;-'impulses'trans- .mitted arenot'originally recordedso as to reproduce the form-or shape ofthe 'corresponding contact 'areason the-transmitting plate; permit a vast increase in the speed at which the sending and receivingmachines may be run under; conditions ofp'ractical use'..-' In the operation of'iny system jit is, 1 therefore, poss'ibletotransmit' and record a. series of impulses at high speed and thereform a part of this specification, a plan view of the sending machine and its w after to transformat leisure the record thu s Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

obtained intoa substantial counterpart of the transmitting platelor of the original representation from which itwas -made.

The advantages of. this'procedure' are obvious, especially in long distancetransmi-se clude the commercial use of the apparatus.

sion, where the time element is a control-j ling factor in determining whether the tolls for w1re service will be so heavy as to pre-.

My invention is characterized by the novel Instead, I simply record at the receiving tangles of constant width which are proportional intheir length to the duration of the"- impulses caused by thecontact point ofthe sendlng machine in passing over successive feature of not reproducing directly at the rece1v1ng end a replica of the sending plate.-

dots of, the half-tone .plate. I. thus produce at the receiving station what. I term a record, which in turn'may be used to originate impulses in a seconda'ry and local sending circuit of'a machine at the receiving station which will properly interpret them and reproduce a substantially correct representation of l the I original" picture. This transformation may be accomplished en- I tirely at the receiving station or elsewhere,

and does not require the use ofl-the teleto beused in other. ways .3 While I ma use as my-original sending element a hal -tone-plate of the usual sort,

that 'is, one produced from a double-line especiallywhen so disposed, has peculiar advantages: which willbe further set forth in'detail.

In 'the accompanying drawings which Figure 1 is electrical circuits; Fig.2.- 1s; an end viewof showing a contact-carrying belt, the send-" u o c I I I i ce vlng m'achlne and its electrlcal circults; -F1'g. 101s apers ective view of the film or ing plate and its carriage; Fig. 4 is a detail sectional view of the track or runner and thecarriage which slides upon it; Fig. 5 is a top View of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the means for adjusting thetransmitting plate in proper position; Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the receiving mechanism;

I Fig. 8 1s a representation of a record such as might be received upon the machine herein described; Fig. 9 is a plan viewlof the rei record-inclos ngox; Fig. llis a transverse H vsectional view'through this box; Fig. 12

is a detail'viewof the switch for automatically stopping the machinewhen the record is finished; Fig. 13is a detail sectional view of thelens audits tube; Fig. 14 is an eleva-- tion of the lens-carryin structure; Fig. 15 is an elevation of the iaphragm in which cylinder;'Fig. 17 isa ig. 18 is a representa- Fig; 19 is a representation of a portion of which are" mounted four standards 2, carry- 1ng theguides or tracks'3, slidably. mounted cured to it the slotted guides 5 engaging tlrtracks 3. This frame carries at either side the raclis 6- and 7, the teeth 8 and 9 of which, respectively, engage the worm gears 10 and 11 mounted'upon shafts 12and 13 support- -1ed bythe' bearing blocks 14 and 15 secured to the base late, -.;Mounted upon the two shafts 16 an -'17,Ive rtically above the shafts 12 and .13, are the pulle or guide wheels- 18 and 19 carrying the elt 20. Gears 21 and 22 upon these upper shafts en age, re-

spectively, gears23 and 24 upon t e lower shafts, the rotation of the lower shafts there- 'by be ng transmitted to the upper shafts. Mounted upon the opposite end of the shaft 12 from the worm gear'lO is a worm 25 en-' gaging a worm 26' carried by a shaft 27 I mounted in bearing blocks 28 afiixed to the base plate. Upon the other end f this shaft is a similarworm 29 meshing with aworm gear 30 carr1ed by the shaft 13. The extremity of' the shaft 13 is secured .to the driving shaft of an electric motor 31,'or other means of obtaining positive rotation. -.It

will thusbe seen that rotation of the arma- .ture of this motor willicause the two shafts 12 and 13 to.revolve,-causing translation of plane perpendicular to the direction of translation of the frame itself. Mounted upon the sub-frame 4is a super-frame. 32

o; bearingjhe contact-making plate 33. One 1 side of 'thesup'er frame "32 is engaged 'by springs 34 permanently secured tothe suh:

the frame 4 and rotation of the belt 20in a frame. The other side is engaged by adjust- .able turn-buckle clamps 35,.also secured to the sub-frame. These clamps, which are illustrated in detail in Fig. 6,. comprise apivot-joint 36, a turn-buckle member 37, and a clamp portion38, the contact surfaces, 39 of which are formed of a non-conductor of felectricity. A fulcrum '40 secured to] the sub-frame engages the side of the superframe midway between the springs. Angular pointers or registering indicators'41 are attached to the sub-frameand extend above and over the super-frame. These are ad justed to indicate the line of centers of a row of dots, and thereby uide the operator in adjusting a sending p ate in position in the machine. Carried by the belt ,20 are a pluralityof contact points 42 adapted to play across the surface of the sending plate when the belt is in motion, the distance between the points being such that when "0119' breaks contact with the late, another is just coming into contact-with it. Theguide 43 isprovided for preventingthese points from coming into contact with-the adjusting mechanism prior to making'cpntactwith theplate itself. A tensioning-member 44, pref-- 'erably constructed of s ring brass'or some other resilient materia constantly bears V 7 against the belt carrying and prevents it from the contact points, ecomingloose and .slipp'ing. Aconical registering pin 130 extends radially outward from the periphery of the guide'wheel 18. ilhe function of this pin is to engage the h le 131 in the band 20 at each revolution of the wheel andthus causethe band'to assume an absolutely fixed relation with respectto" the other moving" parts and so prevent any accumulation of the natural slip of belt and wheel which, if unchecked, would eventually throw the machine seriously out of adjustment.

adjacent to that side of the transmitting plate which a contact point first touches in I going across the plate is a strip of conductmg material such as copper or. brass 45 ,1n electrical contact] with .the transmitt ng plate. From one terminal of the motor 31 a wire 46 extendsto-the rheostat 47, from the other terminal of which a-wire 48 leads to a source of supply. The other terminal of the motor is connectedby means of a wire 49 to the other side of this source of electrlcal supply. Connected to the bearing block 15,

or some other 'portionfof" the mechanism Mounted upon one edge of the super-frame which is inelectrical contact with the belt- 20, is a wire50 leading to one terminal "of w other terminal -0 which is connected by the the primary mafgnet of 'the relay 151, the '2 1 wire 52 to the "battery- 53, thence by wire 54 to one of the standards 2,for somejother portion' of the mechanism ,in 'electrical' contact with. the transmitting lplate' Connected to the, armaturetfiiof -the relay ..51 -isa w1re 56 13,

2 leading to the battery 57, the other side of. which is connected one of the main line wires 58; the other main line wire 59 is connected to the operative contact point 60 'of the relay 51. The wires 58 and 59 lead to the magnets-of the receiving relay 61 mounted upon the base. 62. Secured to this "base is an upright partition 68,.mounted in which is'a lens-tube 64 extending through the partition and secured to it by means of' the screws, 65; At the outer extremity of the .tube is a cap 66 in which is a narrowslit 67 Adjustably mounted in the other end of the tube is the lens-carrier 68 bearing the lens 5 69. The lens-tube has the internal threads 70 engaging the exte'rnalthreads 71 upon the lens-carrier. Rotation of the lens-carrier will therefore cause it to advance or recede within the lens-tube and enable proper focus to be obtained. The film box 72 provided with the runners 73 which slide on tracks 74 mounted upon the base, is adapted to slide in close contact with the inner surface 75 of the upright partition, and has a horizontal slit 76 registering with the axis of the lens 69. The box is provided with a shutter flap 77 hinged at 78 to the interior of the box adjacent to the slit therein and adapted to permit or prevent the passage of light through said slit into the box, according as the flap is in the raised or lowered position. The flap may be operated by means of the shaft 79 secured thereto and passing through the end of the box, and upon which is mounted a handle 80. Within the box is a film-carrying cylinder 81 which bears at one end a shaft 82 passing through a light-tight bearing block 83 in the end of the box and terminating in a collar 84: provided with a square opening 85 in the end thereof adapted to receive the squared'end 86 of a shaft 87. A set screw 88 is provided for securing the shaft to the collar. The other extremity of the shaft 87 is carried by a bearingv 89.- Mounted upon this shaft is a worm 90 having a spline or feather entering v a longitudinal groove or slot 91 in the shaft. Worm wheel 90 engages a worm 92 mounted upon a shaft 93 which is adapted to be rotated by an electric motor 94 or other source of power through the shaft 95 and the gears 96. Mounted upon the other extremity .of the film-carrying cylinder is a cylindrical boss. 97 projecting through a light-tight bearing in the adjacent end of the film-box and provided with a square hole to receive the squared end 98 of the screw shaft 99 passing through the internally threaded block 100. i

It will thus-be seen that rotation of the armature of'the motor will be transmitted to the shaft 87, thence to the film-carrying c linder and. to the screw shaft 99, the rotation ofewhich will cause. the film box and film-carrying cylinder to advance in the the vprogress of the film-boxiand cylinder beyond the desired .limits. This switch consists of a centrally pivoted arm 102 having a contact brush 103 which is normally forced into a position to complete an electrical circuit between the contact plates 104 and 105 by means of the spring 106. A pin 107 prevents the spring from pushing the brush out of contact with the two contact plates. The switch is so placed that when the film- 'box reaches its limit of travel its end will strike the bulfer'108 on the extremity of the lever, throwing it into the position illus trated by the dotted lines in Fig. 12, thereby opening the motor circuit and bringing the film-box to a stop. Access to the interior of the film-box is provided by means of the slide 1091. The removal of the slide 109 permits a photographically sensitive film 110 to be wrapped about the cylinder and fastened in position by means of the clamp 111, which may be adjusted by thethumb-screw 112 entering a threaded socketfin the cylinder. This clamp may preferably be made of some resilient material, such as spring brass. I find it desirable to provide one of such clamps at each extremity of the film-carrying cylinder. Included in the circuit of the electric motor is a rheostat 113, or other means whereby the speed of rotation of the motor may be adjusted To the armature 11 of the receiving relay, mounted in" the trunnions 115, is secured an arm 116, adapted to. reciprocate across theouter end of the lens tube and toprevent access of light to the slit 67 when the magnet of the relay is deenergized. The play of the armature between the. adjusting screws 117 and 118, however, is sufficient to raise the arm 116 from in front of the slit 67 when the magnets of the relay are energized. A spring 119 causes the quickand certain 'return of the armature to its normal position when the current in the circuit of the magnets is broken. A'sou'rce of light 120 is provided, having a reflector 121 adapted to concentrate .the rays of light upon the region of the slit 67. This source of light may be of any suitable character, but is prefer-- ably of high specific value, such as that furnished by a Nernst, mercuryvapor or other electric are light. Y j Y Considering now the operation-of the machine with respect to the sending mechanism: A half tone plate, produced in the. usual manner,upon a metallic base, and of coarse screen, that is, a plate having a comparatively small number of dots to the square inch, is placed between the guides formin the sides of the super-frame. This frame 1s then adjusted with respect to the sub-frame, which, from the nature of its construction, must travel in a predetermined path parallel tov the two guides upon which it runs, by. operating the twoturn-buckles 37, the effect being to cause the super-frame to rotate, about the fulcrum or knife-edge 40 unt1l the line of centers of the half-tone dots' upon the sending plate is parallel .to the line of travel of the points on the contacttheframe until a point is reached such that the contact point .firs't strikes.

ad uStment .has been eflected, it will be out interruption it is, therefore, ne'cessar' when one of the contact-making points just reaches the'plate it will contact with the true center of the first dot in'the row, that is, the dotnearest the edge of the plate which When this found that the lineof centers ofthe rows of half-tone dots is notperpendieular to the line of travel of the frame upon 'which' the sending plate is located. This condition is necessary in order that when one contact point upon the contact-making ribbon reaches'the extremity of its travel across the sending plate, the next point to contact with the. plate must strike the next row of dots upon the plate in order to send the icture represented by the dots upon the p ate by consecutive rows." The contactpoints are so spaced onthe ribbon carrying them that when one has finished its travel across the plate and just broken contact with the last dot of the row, a fresh point will have reached the other extremity of the plate, and started to sweep across thecontact strip 45 bordering the next consecutive row of dots." In orderto accomplish the result of sendin consecutive rows of dots smoothly and withslightly inclined to the line of centers of the rows of dots on the sending plate, and this obliquity will be dependent upon the coarsenessof the screen of the sending plate; that is, the number of dots per'square' inch in the plate representing the-picture being trans-.-

' mitted.

In the operatioiilof sending, the path of the current at the moment: one ofthe' con.-

ta'ct'ipoints "is bearing upon a dot of the is,- therefore, to energize the inagnet-ofthe.

half-tone. sending plate, leads from" the ribbon,'--throu hjthej contact point to' the dot,.- 'from'thep are; through the two frames and i tQQthewire 54:, battery '53, wire 52, magnet.off;the;relay-.5l-, wire 50', and some portion of the mechanism in electrical contact with the ribbon. The result of the assage of a contact point across a row of ots relay v51 ,t l 1'1' 'ough eriods which are directly proportional in; uration to the lineal d1-' tionate to the period duringjwhich admitted to the slit, since the is conmotor 31 is assumed to be a substantially constant speed motor; that is, one which under normal conditions of voltage, which,

may readily 'be obtained in practice from a commercialsup 1y, willvary in speed of rotation onl a raction of a per cent. The

speed at which the motor is to be run during the transmission of an one picture may be regulated b means 0 the rheostat 47, but i it will not e necessaryto'adjustthe rheojstat during the transmission of the picture, nor is such-adjustment desirable. The passage, of'a set of electrical impulses through the magnet of the relay 51, proportionate I I.

to the lineal dimension-0f the dots of the half-tone, sets up a magnetic field in such magnet whose duration will be approximately proportionate to the duration of the"- impulses. The armature 55 will, therefore, be attracted to its contact 60in such manbeset up in the secondary or mam line circuit, I which includes the armature of the relay 51,

its contact, a main line battery or other source of'elect'ro-motive force, and the necessary line wires leading to the receivmg machlnei This impulse passing through the magnets of the relay 61 will attract its armature through intervals correspondin 'in' duration to the intervals during whic ',the contact point hal-f-tone s'ending plate, The result of the remained in contact with the dots upon the consequent. energization of the magnets of i the relay 61 will be to draw the arm 116 from in front of the slit inthe end of the lens-tube, and to permit light to enter the tube for periods corresponding to the g periods durin which the sending impulses persist. An image of the illumlnated slit' y will be brought into-sharp focus by the lens to have the center line or axis of'the rlbbon' 69. upon the surface of the revolving film rection perpendicular to the axis of the lens.

The result when the film is developed in the manner usual to; photography will be the productionof a record similarto that illustrated in Fig. 8. This record will con- .sist of parallel rows of dots 122 which are fu'niform in width but vary in length, the "length being proportionate to the impulses ,wlnch havebeen transmitted by the sending machine and are, therefore, proportion-' ate to the lineal dimension of the respective dots on the original half-tone sending plate, corresponding to the series of dots appear- I ing upo 'nthe received record. This must necessarily result, since the width'ofany dot 'will'be the widthof the image of the slit in' I the end ofthe lens-tube cast upon' the recording film, while itslength is properight is tinuously revolving on its cylinder. At the beginning of each row there will always oc-- length of the dots of the record willbe di-- rectly proportional to the lineal dimension of the dots upon the sending half-tone, be-

cause the motor vwhich is used to drive the mechanism of the recelving machlne s of a type similar to that used in the sending machine; that is, having good speed regulation and being approximately constant in its velocity of rotation. By this it is not meant thatthe two machines operate in synchronism, the only requirement being that the speed of either shall not vary appreciably during the sending of any row of dots.

The portion 125 of the record, whichis somewhat exaggerated in Fig. 8, represents the interval between the time when one contact-making brush leaves the end of each row and the next successive point contacts with the brass strip 45 adjacent to the halftone sending plate. The center lines of the rows of dots upon the record film will appear as helices, which, when the film is unwrapped from its cylinder will degenerate.

into oblique lines acrossthe faceof the film. It willbe seen that the record produced as above described difiers from what is produced by the facsimile telegraphs which have heretofore been proposed, in that it does not purport to be a reproduction of the original picture. It is merely a record 'of the successive elements of the original picture, but in the "record theseelements are not necessarily arranged in.,ther ela'tion which they occupy iI'r-the original picture,

; and therefore no pictorial. effect is. necessarily produced. --The method o'f'producing 4 the record therefore ;is entirely different i from the method, ofjprocedure followed in prior facsimile telegra'phs that n-olgat tempt at 'synchronism between the-sending and receiving apparatuses isnecessaryt a particular case synchronism may 'or' may not exist, but the gs senu i difference of 1 method -is thatno'att'empt is made to pro-{ :duce synchronism, and of 'coursejingaljl ordinary cases" there will be nofsynchroni-sm,

so that'ijth'e record will he oftenindistinguishable as a picture. 'My'complete process therefore requires afinal step toproduce. the". ultimate result,namely, the rearranging picture.

of the parts of. the record so as to produce 1 the desired pictorial effect of the-original Also, in the preferred form of my invention the elements of the record are of constant width'and proportioned in length only to the size of the elements of the sending plate. As the elements of'thesending plate vary both in length and width. 7 the record therefore differs from-the original picture in this respect also. To produce the most satisfactory result, I prefer, in reconstructing a representation of the original'picture from the record, to produce areas corresponding to the areas of the original picture and not to the areas of the record, this being accomplished by taking the longitudinal dimensions of the elements of the record and squaring them, so to speak. In-

other words, the impulse Which is produced from an elementof the original picture is proportioned to one dimension of such'element, and its duration is therefore proportional to the square root of the area of such. element, and the corresponding area of the record is therefore roportional to the square root of the original area. I In the transformation of the record into a facsimile of the original picture this characteristic dimension of the element of the record is squared so as to producean area proportional to the square ofvthe length of the element of the record and which will be directly proportional'to the corresponding area of 'the' sending plate. Of course, as set forth in my application referred to, Serial Number 548,047, the ultimate picture reproduced from the .record may be composed of equal areas having tonal qualities corresponding to the area's -of the sending plate, as well as by. repro ducing solid black areas of the'same size as the areas in the. original plate. Ineach case the quantity oflight permitted to act upon the final sensitizedsurface is propor- 1 10 tional to the corresponding area of the send-: ing plate. I

The preferred means for reconstructing the record .producedby the apparatus set forth iii-this case consists of means-which act by what amounts to counting of the dots,

o'f the recordand arranged to producerows fproperly 'alin'ed, each :containing a given numberof .dots, so that as the number of dots ina row in the original sending plate, is known, 1 the picture can be reconstructed by fplacing a' corresponding'number of dots in each row and properly-'alining them-.- --The 'dots' :in' the final picture canalso be pro portionedin: Size tothefcorresponding dots of the sending plate by measuring the longitudinal dimensions of the dots in therec v 1 sible to reconstruct a picture from a record Serial Number 548,047, I have shown automatic mechanism adapted to rapidly reconstruct the picture 'in the manner described capable of acting either directly from a half tone sending plate. or from sending plate prepared from a record such as that produced by. the apparatus of the present application, and I prefer to use such an apparatus as that described in my application in carrying out the ultimate step of the process herein .set forth, but the use of that apparatus is not essential to the process. T

In placing a fresh film upon the filmcarrying cylmder, the cylinder and its containmg box may be bodily removed from the rest of the machine by loosening the screw 88,. withdrawing the shaft 87 from the socket 84 some little distance, and then slidingthe film box upon its guides in the direction of that shaft, so that the'squared end '98 of the shaft 99 will-nolonger enter the socket 97. The box may then be lifted free of the guides. Before 'this is done, however, the shutter flap 77 is closed "by "means of the handles 80 into the position shown in* Fig. 6, so'th'at the admission of a light to the box is effectually cut off. The

' ing the latter from the box and held-in 40. placeby means of the spring clamps 111 I to the driving shafts machine motor will only protects the -rece1vin i for each sending plate creatin b0 '1' and its contents may then be removed from the machine and taken to adark room. The slide 109 may then be thrown back, permitting access to the film-carrying cylinder.- A fresh portion of film may be readily wrapped about the cylinderwithout removat either end of the cylinder.. The film f is permittedto overlap'slilghtly, as is shown in Fig. 17, in order to ma e sure that the recor will becontinuous; With the fresh film in'place, the slide 109 is closed and.

the film box replaced in the machine and connected in operative engagement 'withthem. Turning the handies 80 will raise the shutter flap and the' machine will be ready to receive a picture.

The switch 101 is placed in such a position that-when the end of the-slit 76 registers with the lens-tube opening, the receiving be stopped. This not apparatus from operating beyond the esired limits of travel of the film box, but gives notice that the operation of receiving upon that film is at an end. 7

It is not necessary that a ne film beused impulses at the initial station, since a duplicate frame and plate supportedthereon may be'fed 'osition -with respect ya: reversal of the into the sending machine as the last row of a plate being sent is traversed by the contact of plates to the sending machine, the latter may be operated continuously and large picthe only limit as to length being that 'estab? lished by the receiving apparatus.

In Fig. 18 I have illustrated, a sending points. By thus supplying a succession plate made from a single line half-tone screen, which is a preferred form for use in my improved apparatus. This plate, instead of having a plurality gered relation, representing the tones of the picture, or other representation to be 'transof dots in stag-.

mitted, has a-plurality of parallel lines126 of varying widths'which determine the tones of the picture. Three consecutive paths of. the contact points across the plate are denoted by the parallel dotted lines'127, 128 v and 129. These lines of contact preferably cross the plate in such a direction that they will intercept the lines forming" the contact areas at anglesof 45 degrees' The effect of the contact point in passing over the lines in such a manner will be to originate' in the sending circuit a series of impulses whose duration and spacing is substantiallv identical Withthose which would be produced 'by a half-tone plate formed from a double-line screen, as hitherto described. This will be evident if we consider a specific case, such as thatofthe impulse which will be originated when the tracer passes the point 130. It will be seen that when the contact point sweeps over the plate on its next successive journey across it, following line 128, it will make contact at the two points .131 and 132, among others, these points bearing a staggered relation to the point 130. When the tracer follows the next path 129 across the plate itwill-make contact at a point 133, which is on the same point 130. It will u the points pass over the transverse axis as the thus be seen that as plate they will transmit impulses in the sending CIIClllt'WlllQll will have the same relation to each other asthe impulses originating from a double-line half-tone plate. In other Words,

each other and will be in tional to the tone of the picture or representation at that particular point. It will be'obvious, therefore, that a record obtained at the receiving end from impulses originatw hichever plate is used the .impulses will bear the same time realtion to length proporing from such a plate as has just been. 'de-- scribed will be identical with a record obtained from a half-tone plate formed from a double-line screen first described. There is this distinct advantage, however, inherent in the single line plate. Should the contact point in sweeping across a double-line halftone plate, that is, 'one composed of dots,

for any reason deviate even slightly from its true course, which coincides with the line of centers of a ro w'of dots, the point will completely fail to make contact with the minimum size dot and will interpret the largerdots as being dots of a lesser diam- A, eter, since the point does not actually pass over the true diameter of the dot, but merely across. a chord of an arc thereof. On the other hand, in the case'of the single-line plate, the tracer can never fail to send an impulse of some kind, for the reason that however much it deviates from .its true course, it will always encounter metal. It is true that such deviation may result in slight errors in tone at regions where the width of a line is rapidly changing, but this will cause such a small inequality in the picture as finally reproduced as to be unnoticeable. The sending of some sort of impulse for every tone representation of the original the dotted lines 135, 136, 137 are substan-.

tially perpendicular to the lines 134 of varying width forming the tones of the picture.

In many ways I consider the process of transmitting from such a plate to be superior to that utilizing the plate whose lines are'angularlydisposed to the paths of the contact points. In using such a plate as that illustrated-in Fig. 19 the lineal dimension governing the length of the impulse is thetrue width of the line of the plate at that particular point, instead of a diagonal acrossjthatline, suclf asresults from the use of the plate in Fig. 018. While the impulses originated'from the plate of Fig. 19

are not staggered in their relation, I find that such an effect is not necessary,- since at "any pointthe tone as represented by a line of varying width on the plate is theresult of the general tonal effect of the original picture at that point. In using such a plate as a sending device, and then transforming the record'obtaine'd therefromby the machine described and illustrated in my application' for Letters. Patent Serial Number 548,047, the impulses will be automatically given a staggered relation due to the peculiar construction of the reproducing machine, as described in the said application. The final result, therefore, of the use of a plate such as that shown in Fig. 19-is to produce a representation of the original picture which will give more closely'the tonal efiect at any point than might be obtained from a sending plate whose contact lines are angularly' disposed with reference to the paths of the contact points.

While I have illustrated and described.

only a single embodiment of the mechanical features of my invention, I realize that it is capable of broad application, and I do not wish to be limited to the precise construc- 4 tion described and illustrated.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. The method of transmitting pictures by electricity, consisting in preparing a transmitting record having its surface di vided into a plurality of portions having areas proportional to the tones of correspondingportions of the picture, transmitting successive impulses each of a duration proportional toa dimension of one of said portions, forming a record of said impulses, and reconstructing from said record a substantial counterpart of the original representation by utilizing the records of successive impulses to determine the dimensions of successive areas constituting said counterpart, said areas being proportional to the squares of the durations of said recorded impulses.

2. The process of transmitting representations by electricity comprising the reduction of the representation to a surface having areas of electrical conductivity, the pro-duction of electrical impulses from said areas, the formation photographically of a record of said impulses without regard to pictorial or facsimile effect, and the reconstruction from said record of a substantial counterpart of the original representation.

3. The process of transmitting representations by electricity comprising the reduction of the original to a half tone plate having areas of electrical conductivity proportional to the tones of the representation, the production in an electric circuit from said half tone of impulses in length proportional to a lineal dimension of the conducting areas, the formation of a photographic record of such impulses without regard to pictorial or facsimile eflect, and the reconstruction from said record of a substantial reproduction of the original representation.

4. The process of transmitting representations by electricity comprising the production of electrical impulses from a representation corresponding to a lineal function of different parts thereof, 'the formation photographically of a record of said impulses without regard tov pictorial or facsimile effect, and the reconstruction from I said record of' a representation produced by I areas of light or shadow corresponding in arrangement and proportional size to those of the original-representat1on.-

5. The rocess f transmittin representations by e ectricity comprising t e reduction areas of electrical conductivity,-the producof the representation to a surface having ectrical' conductivity, .the production of electrical impulses from said areas proportional to a lineal dimension thereof,-

theformation of a'record-of said impulses, and-the reconstruction from. said record, of a representation produced by areas of light power of the lineal dimension of the recorded impulses. I

' 6; The roce'ss of transmitting representa-- tions by e ectricity comprising'the reduction 7 of the representation to a surface having 'tion-of'electrical impulses from said areas,

the formation photographically of a record of'flsaid impulses, and the reconstruction from; said record of a representation pro duced by areas of light or shadow proporltional in area to the second power of a lineal dimension of the recorded impulse on the said record.

b 7. The processor transmitting pictures. y

electricity comprising .the reduction of the picture to a surface having areas of electrical conductlvity proportioned to the depth of tone of correspondmg parts of the picture, the production of electrical impulses from said areas proportional in duration to a lineal dimension thereof, the formation of a record of said impulses, and the reconstruction from said record of a picture having areas of varying tonality proportioned to the second powers of the lineal dimensions of the recorded impulses on said record. I

8.'The process of transmitting pictures by electricity, comprising the reduction of a the picture to a half-tone plate having areas of electrical conductivity proportioned to the tones. of the original picture, the pro duction of successive series of electrical impulsesproportioned in duration to the areas of the dots in successiverows of said halftone plate, the production of distinctive electrical impulses betweeneach series of 1mpulses correspondmg to a row of dots of said plate, the recording of said impulses -m series, whereby a record of the impulses is produced-in which the record of the dots of each row 'is separated by the record of a distinctive impulse, and the reconstruction from said record of a picture-having areas of varying tonality proportioned to the second powers ofthe lineal dimensions of the recorded pictorial impulseson said record.

9. In picture telegraph apparatus, a plate having rows of areas of electrical conductiv Y ity on thesurface thereof, means for causing said plate to'progressin a direction oblique to the center lines half tone plate having-areas of of aid. rows, a pl a lity' of contact points, and meansfor' causing the same to'sweep across the surface of the plate at an angle to-the direction of progression of said. plate, themeans for progressing sald plateand for moving said contact points being proportioned to move said parts in a definite speed ratio, said speed ratlo, the angular relation of the direction of movement of said contact ointsand the direction of progression 0 said plate, and the angle of obliquity of the center lines of said rows to the direction of progression of said platebeing such that successive contact points will sweep i'over the center lines of successive rows'ofsaidareas of electrical conductivity.

10.. In' picture telegraph apparatus, a plate having contact areas thereon, a carriage for supportingsa'id plate, a rack on said carriage, an endless belt, 'a' contact point thereon adapted to sweep acrossthe contact areas of said plate, pulleys for supporting 7 said belt, a worm revolving with said pulleys and meshing with said rack for 'causdirection substantially perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the pulleys, and means for causing the rotation of the pulleys.

11. In picture telegraph apparatus, a

, ing said plate and carriage to travel in a carriage. for supporting a-sending element,

and means for adjusting the position of said element with respect to said carriage including a fulcrum engaging one. edge of said element.

12. In picture L telegraph apparatus, a

carriage for supporting a sending element,

and means for adjusting the position of said element wlth respect to said carriage, including a fulcrum engaging one edge of said element, and an adjustable toggle engaging another edge of said element.

13-. In picture telegraph apparatus, a

carriage for supporting the sending element, and means for adjusting said element with respect to said carriage including a, fulcrum element, and springs acting'to maintain the edge of said element in contact with said toggle.

14. In telegraphic apparatus,'a sending element for propagating impulses adapted to be recorded, said element comprisin a electrical engaging one edge of said element, an .ad-'

ustable toggle engaging an edge-of said conductivity proportioned to the tones of the picture pendent ofsaid element for causing an impulse similar in character to those originated by the sending element to traverse a circuit of the apparatus at in the cycle thereof. p v

.15.--In picture telegraph apparatus, a

thereto throughout the length thereof for causing an. at a definite period "in upon' the plate, and-means inde-' a definite period sending element having contact areas there- 7 on, and a, contact strip extending adjacent isc the operation of said device independent of to be traversed by said point before the latthe rellative position (if said contact areas. ter contacts with said areas.

16. n picture te egraph apparatus, a plate having contact areasthereon, a con- ELIOT KEEN 5 tact point, means for causing said point to Witnesses:

sweep across said contact areas, and a con- GERALD E. TERWILLIGER, tact strip adjacent to said plate and adapted EDMUND QUINCY MOSES. 

